An ear, nose, and throat doctor (ENT) specializes in everything having to do with those parts of the body. They're also called otolaryngologists. Some historians believe this to be one of the oldest medical specialties in the United States. What is ENT Surgery? ENT (“Ear, Nose, Throat”) surgery is a medical specialty practiced by ENT surgeons. 'Otolaryngologists', as they are referred to in the medical community, can be a bit of a tongue twister for the lay person, which is why they are better known as ENT specialists. More About